Disclaimer

The ESS ERIC and Core Scientific Team (CST) bear no responsibility for the use of ESS data, or for interpretations or inferences based on these uses.

The ESS ERIC and CST accept no liability for indirect, consequential or incidental damages or losses arising from use of the data collection, or from the unavailability of, or break in access to the service for whatever reason.

ESS ERIC recommends that ESS datasets are not made available on external websites. Instead, please link to datasets on the ESS Data Portal. ESS ERIC is not responsible for any datasets stored externally.

If ESS datasets are stored externally, the version of the dataset should be clearly stated. If a dataset is modified in any way, including translation changes, this should be indicated in the citation ‘Adapted from ESS Round X, version number X’.

Conditions of use

European Social Survey data is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

European Social Survey documentation is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

Restrictions

The data are available without restrictions, for not-for-profit purposes.

Confidentiality

In accordance with data protection regulations in participating countries, only anonymous data are available to users. Before depositing data to Sikt, each national team is responsible for checking their data with confidentiality in mind and to undertake the necessary measures to ensure anonymity of the data files and to foresee that anonymity is also maintained after merging of data files.

Citation requirements

The Core Scientific Team of the ESS requests that references to ESS data and the Data Documentation Reports should use the form of words listed below.

To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in the footnotes or in the reference section of publications.

Citation of data

  • ESS Round 11: European Social Survey European Research Infrastructure (ESS ERIC) (2024) ESS11 - integrated file, edition 2.0 [Data set]. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research. https://doi.org/10.21338/ess11e02_0.
  • ESS Round 10: European Social Survey Round 10 Data (2020). Data file edition 3.0. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS10-2020.
  • ESS Round 9: European Social Survey Round 9 Data (2018). Data file edition 3.1. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS9-2018.
  • ESS Round 8: European Social Survey Round 8 Data (2016). Data file edition 2.2. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS8-2016.
  • ESS Round 7: European Social Survey Round 7 Data (2014). Data file edition 2.2. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS7-2014.
  • ESS Round 6: European Social Survey Round 6 Data (2012). Data file edition 2.4. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS6-2012.
  • ESS Round 5: European Social Survey Round 5 Data (2010). Data file edition 3.4. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS5-2010.
  • ESS Round 4: European Social Survey Round 4 Data (2008). Data file edition 4.5. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS4-2008.
  • ESS Round 3: European Social Survey Round 3 Data (2006). Data file edition 3.7. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS3-2006.
  • ESS Round 2: European Social Survey Round 2 Data (2004). Data file edition 3.6. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS2-2004.
  • ESS Round 1: European Social Survey Round 1 Data (2002). Data file edition 6.6. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS1-2002.

Citation of documentation

  • European Social Survey European Research Infrastructure (ESS ERIC) (2024) ESS round 11 - 2023. Social inequalities in health, Gender in contemporary Europe. Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research. doi.org/10.21338/ess11-2023.
  • ESS Round 10: European Social Survey (2023): ESS-10 2020 Documentation Report. Edition 3.0. Bergen, European Social Survey Data Archive, Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS10-2020.
  • ESS Round 9: European Social Survey (2021): ESS-9 2018 Documentation Report. Edition 3.1. Bergen, European Social Survey Data Archive, Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS9-2018.
  • ESS Round 8: European Social Survey (2020): ESS-8 2016 Documentation Report. Edition 2.2. Bergen, European Social Survey Data Archive, Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS8-2016.
  • ESS Round 7: European Social Survey (2018): ESS-7 2014 Documentation Report. Edition 3.2. Bergen, European Social Survey Data Archive, Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS7-2014.
  • ESS Round 6: European Social Survey (2018): ESS-6 2012 Documentation Report. Edition 2.4. Bergen, European Social Survey Data Archive, Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS6-2012.
  • ESS Round 5: European Social Survey (2018): ESS-5 2010 Documentation Report. Edition 4.2. Bergen, European Social Survey Data Archive, Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS5-2010.
  • ESS Round 4: European Social Survey (2018): ESS-4 2008 Documentation Report. Edition 5.5. Bergen, European Social Survey Data Archive, Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS4-2008.
  • ESS Round 3: European Social Survey (2018): ESS-3 2006 Documentation Report. Edition 3.7. Bergen, European Social Survey Data Archive, Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS3-2006.
  • ESS Round 2: European Social Survey (2018): ESS-2 2004 Documentation Report. Edition 3.7. Bergen, European Social Survey Data Archive, Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS2-2004.
  • ESS Round 1: European Social Survey (2018): ESS-1 2002 Documentation Report. Edition 6.6. Bergen, European Social Survey Data Archive, Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS1-2002.

Citation requirements for Multilevel data

Users are obligated to refer to producer and distributor of the data by writing the following in forewords or footnotes of publications: "(Some of) the data applied in the analysis in this publication is based on the ESS Multilevel Data. The data is provided by [Original data source], and prepared and made available by Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research, Norway. Neither [Original data source] nor Sikt are responsible for the analyses/interpretation of the data presented here."